ELECTRICITY ACT, 2049 (1992)
Date of Authentication and publication
Paush 2, 2049 (17 December, 1992)
An Act made for the Management and Development of Electricity
PREMABLE: WHEREAS, it is expedient to develop electric power by regulating the survey, generation, transmission and distribute the survey, generation, transmission and distribution of electricity and to standardize and safeguard the electricity services.
NOW, THEREFORE, be it enacted by the Parliament in the twenty-first year of the reign of His Majesty’s King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev;

1. Short Title and Commencement:

(1) This Act may be called “Electricity Act, 2049

(2) This Act shall come into force on such date as is Government of Nepal may, by notification published in the Nepal Gazette, appoint.

2. Definitions: Unless the subject or the context otherwise requires, in this Act
(a) “Electricity” means electric power generated from water, mineral oil, coal, gas, solar energy, wind energy, atomic energy or any other means.
(b) “Hydro-electricity” means electric power generated from water.
(c) “License” means the license issued pursuant to this Act.
(d) “Consumer” means a person who obtains electricity from the licensee.
(e) “Charges” means the fee charged to the consumer for the electricity services rendered to them pursuant to this Act.
(f) “Licensee” means a person or a corporate body who has obtained the license pursuant to Section 4.
(g) Inspector” means electricity inspector appointed pursuant to Section 37 and this word also denotes Chief Electricity Inspector.
(h) “Prescribed” or “as prescribed” means prescribed or as prescribed in the rules made under this Act.

No person shall be entitled to conduct survey, generation, transmission or distribution of electricity without obtaining license under this Act. Provided that no license shall be required to be obtained by a national or a corporate body for the generation, transmission or distribution of electricity up to 1000 kilowatt and for conducting necessary survey thereof. Before generating, transmitting or distributing hydroelectricity of the capacity ranging from 100 kilowatt to 1000 kilowatt, information to hat effect shall be given to the prescribed officer in a manner as prescribed.

4. Provisions of License:

(1) A person or a corporate body, who desires to conduct survey, generation, transmission or distribution of electricity, shall be required to submit an application to the prescribed officer along with the economic, technical and environmental study report and with other prescribed   particulars on the relevant subject.
Provided that such study report shall not be required to be included while applying for the license to conduct the survey relating to electricity.
(2) On receipt of an application pursuant to Sub-section (1) the prescribed officer shall have to examine or cause to examine necessary enquiries and shall have to issue license to the applicant according to the format as prescribed within 30 days of receipt of such application in case of license for conducting survey relating to electricity
and within 120 days in as of license for generation, transmission or distribution of electricity.
(3) A person or a corporate body, who is doing generation, transmission or distribution of electricity prior to the commencement of this Act, shall be required to submit an application along with prescribed particulars to the
prescribed officer within one year from the date of the commencement of this Act except otherwise provided in the proviso clause of Section 3.
(4) On receipt of an application pursuant to Sub-section (3) the prescribed officer after examining necessary enquiries, shall issue the license according to the format as prescribed within 60 days of receipt of such application.

(5) In case a license desires to sell or otherwise transfer its license, it shall be required to obtain the approval from the prescribed officer.

(1) The term of license to be issued for the survey of electricity may be of 5 (Five) years in maximum.
(2) The term of license to be issued for generations, transmission or distribution of electricity may be of 50 (Fifty) years in maximum.
(3) In case a license is issued for a term less than prescribed term in Subsection(1) or (2), it shall be required to be renewed before one year of expiry of the term stipulated in the license.
(4) If the license is not renewed pursuant to Sub-section (3) such license shall be void.

6. Restriction of the Issuance of License: In case license has been issued to any person or corporate body for the distribution of electricity in any area in accordance with this Act, no license shall be issued to any other person
or corporate body for the distribution of electricity in the same area for the distribution of electricity in the same area for the whole term of such license.
Provided that if the licensee is deemed to be unable to supply the electricity as per demand of that area, license may be issued also to any other person or corporate body for the distribution of electricity in such area.

7. Matters to be observed by the Licensee: Matters to be observed by the licensee in relation to survey, generation, transmission or distribution of electricity shall be as prescribed.

8. License may be Cancelled:

(1) If the licensee performs any act contrary to this Act or rules made under this Act, the prescribed officer may issue an order to the concerned licensee by prescribing necessary improvements to be made on such activity within the specified period.

(2) If the licensee makes no improvement within the prescribed period pursuant to Sub-section (1), the prescribed officer may cancellation of such  person.
(3) Prior to the cancellation of license pursuant to Sub-section (2), the prescribed officer shall give the licensee a reasonable opportunity to explain one’s own innocence.

9. Agreement may be Entered with the Licensee: Government of Nepal may enter into agreement with the licensee for bulk purchase of electricity, guarantee for the necessary capital to be invested or other financial and technical matters.

(1) The land, building, equipment and structure related to the electricity generation plant or transmission and distribution line established by the foreign national or corporate body as more than 50 (Fifty) percent of the total investment, shall be under the ownership of Government of Nepal after the expiry of the term as prescribed in the license.
(2) The assets coming under the ownership of Government of Nepal pursuant to Sub-section (1) may be purchased by the prior licensee on the amount as assessed pursuant to Sub-section (3) for generation, transmission
or distribution of electricity and after acquiring such asset, such person, after entering into an agreement with His Majesty’s Government, shall generate, transmit or distribute electricity according to the agreement so made.
(3) Government of Nepal shall constitute a committee comprising of at least five persons for the purpose of assessing the amount pursuant to sub- section (2).
(4) The electricity generation plant, transmission or distribution line established by the foreign national or corporate body as up to fifty percent of the total investment or established without foreign investment shall be operated
or managed by the prior licensee by entering into an agreement with Government of Nepal after the expiry of the term as prescribed in the license on conditions as mentioned in the agreement so made.

(1) The licensee shall have to pay royalty to Government of Nepal at a rate of Rs. 100 for each installed kilowatt of electricity per year plus 2 percent of the average tariff per unit (per kilowatt hour) for a term of upto fifteen
years from the date of generation of electricity for commercial purpose.
(2) After the term specified in Sub-section (1), the licensee shall have to pay royalty to Government of Nepal at a rate of Rs.1000 for each installed kilowatt of electricity per year plus 10 percent of the average tariff per unit (per kilowatt hour).

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(7) Customs duties and sales tax shall be levied as per the prevailing schedule for the import of construction equipment, machines, tools and equipment required for repair and maintenance as well as the spare parts thereof
for hydro electricity generation, transmission or distribution which are produced and sold by local industries. Only one percent customs duties shall be levied for the import of materials which are not produced in Nepal and no charge
for import license and sales tax shall be levied for such imports.

13. Facility of Foreign Exchange: In case foreign currency has been invested in the generation, transmission or distribution of hydroelectricity as a loan or share capital, Government of Nepal shall make available necessary foreign currency at the prevailing market rate of foreign exchange for repatriation of investment or repayment of principal or interest of loan.

14. Facilities under the Prevailing Law shall be Enjoyed: The licensee shall also enjoy facility pursuant to prevailing law in addition to the facilities obtained under this Act in such a manner that the facilities are not repeated.

15. Arrangement Relating to Housing and Bonus: Notwithstanding anything written in the prevailing law, the arrangement of housing and bonus of the laborer and staff associated with the work of electricity generation, transmission or distribution shall be as prescribed.

(1) Government of Nepal or the licensee may realize electricity tariff or other charges as assessed   pursuant to Section 17 from persons, using such services, in consideration of the services rendered to them.
(2) Electricity charge and other charges pursuant to Sub-section (1) shall be realized as prescribed.

17. Assessment of Electricity Tariff and Other Charges:

(1) Government of Nepal shall constitute a Tariff Fixation Commission for the purpose of fixing electricity tariff and other charges.
(2) The commission constituted pursuant to Sub-section (1) shall consist of at least five persons from among the representative of the Government of Nepal, economist and those involved in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity and the consumers.
(3) The commission, pursuant to Sub-section (1), shall fix the electricity tariff and other charges on the basis of the rate of depreciation, reasonable profit, mode of the operation of the plant, changes in consumer’s price index, royalty, etc.
(4) The licensee shall not entitled to realize electricity charges and other charges and in excess of what has been fixed or any other charges other than those fixed pursuant to Sub-section (3).

(5) The commission pursuant to Sub-section (1) may, in order to complete its function, call for the concerned company, person, institution or corporate body, the necessary information and document and it shall be their duty to give such information and document.
(6) While fixing electricity tariff and other charges pursuant to Sub-section (3) the commission, constituted pursuant to Sub-section (1), may classify the types of consumer and fix the tariff accordingly.
(7) The working procedure of the commission, constituted pursuant to Sub-Section (1), shall be as prescribed.

(1) Notwithstanding anything written in Section 17, one who distributes electricity in isolation of the national grid, shall be entitled to fix the electricity tariff and other charges for the electricity so distributed.
(2) While fixing electricity tariff and other charges pursuant to Sub-section (1), it may be so fixed that all investments made on electricity generation, transmission or distribution is paid back in average of 25 years by deducting the
depreciation cost and a dividend of 25 percent on share capital is earned.

Electricity services may be stopped in the following condition:
(a) If there is a need to inspect, repair or to perform any important work relating to the electrical equipment and the electrical line.
(b) If there occurs natural calamities like flood, landslide, fire, earthquake or strike, lockout, riot or any other extraordinary circumstances which are beyond one’s control.
(c) For any consumer, who do not pay the electricity tariff and other charges, which have to be paid.
(d) For any consumer, who utilizes electricity unauthoritatively or utilizes electric power contrary to the terms and conditions as set forth.

20. National Transmission Line of Grid: Government of Nepal may, by a notification published in the Nepal gazette, specify a transmission line or grid as national transmission line or grid.

(1) If any person desires to sell in bulk the electricity generated pursuant to this Act, Government of Nepal may purchase or cause to purchase such electricity to the national grid.
(2) The rate of electricity purchased pursuant to Sub-section (1) shall be determined on the basis of fixed percentage of avoided cost or an addition to the generation cost or fixed percentage of average tariff of Nepal Electricity
Authority.
(3) While determining the rate of electricity purchased pursuant to Subsection(2) calculation shall be made in such a way that the total investment could be paid back in twenty five years in average by deducting the depreciation cost.

(1) If the licensee desiring to distribute electricity by importing the same within the Nepal, may do so by obtaining
prior approval of Government of Nepal as prescribed.
(2) The licensee desiring to export electricity generated on its own to the foreign country may do so by entering into an agreement with Government of Nepal on such matter.
(3) The exporter of electricity pursuant to Sub-section (2) shall have to pay export duty as prescribed to Government of Nepal.

(1) Government of Nepal may, by a notification published in the Nepal Gazette, fix the quality standard of electricity,
which is generated, transmitted and distributed pursuant to this Act.
(2) While generating, transmitting or distributing electricity, the quality standard as prescribed pursuant to Sub-section (1) shall be maintained.

While carrying out electricity generation, transmission or distribution, it shall be carried out in  such manner that no substantial adverse effect be made on environment by way of soil erosion, flood, landslide, air pollution etc.

(1) For the purpose of electricity generation, transmission or distribution, the volt level and other technical matters
shall be as prescribed.
(2) The person who conducts electricity generation, transmission or distribution shall maintain the prescribed standard pursuant to Sub-section (1).

26. Arrangements for Security Measures: The security measures to be adopted in the process of generation, transmission or distribution of electricity shall be as prescribed.

27. Repair and Maintenance: If the supply of electricity is required to be interrupted for the purpose of repair and maintenance of electricity generation plant or transmission line or distribution line or any other structure or due to any other reason, the licensee shall notify the general public by publishing a notification at least Twenty four hours in advance.

(1) If it is required that the generation of electricity in any area is to be stopped due to any special circumstance or if the supply of electricity service is to be made immediately in any area, Government of Nepal shall issue necessary order to the person who generates, transmits or distributes electricity audit shall be the duty of the concerned person to obey such order.
(2) Government of Nepal shall compensate the concerned person for the loss or damage caused due to the obeying of the order issued pursuant to Subsection (1).

(1) The land, building, equipment and structure related to electricity generation, transmission or distribution shall not be nationalized.
Provided that the land, building equipment and structure related to the generation, transmission or distribution of 1000 kilowatt or less of hydro  electricity, Government of Nepal may for the extensive public use take over such property and develop and develop that itself.
Explanation: “Extensive Public Use” means the use, which serves benefits to larger population than the existing population benefited from it.
(2) Government of Nepal shall pay compensation, as prescribed, to the concerned person for the land, building, equipment and structure which is taken over by Government of Nepal pursuant to the proviso clause of Sub-section (1).
(3) The compensation payable pursuant to Sub-section (2) shall be determined on the basis of current price (after deducting wear, tear and depreciation) of the land, building, equipment and structure taken over by Government of Nepal.

30. Purchase of Electricity Generation Plant etc.: In case where the licensee is going to distribute electricity in an area where any person or corporate body is already distributing electricity by generating up to 1000 Kilowatt of hydroelectricity, such person or corporate body who is generating hydroelectricity up to 1000 Kilowatt if desires to sell the hydroelectricity plant, transmission and distribution line which is operated by him/her, the said licensee shall have to purchase such hydroelectricity plant, transmission and distribution line on the price (after deducting wear, tear and general depreciation) as fixed by mutual agreement.

(1) Government of Nepal may make necessary arrangement for the security of any electricity generation plant, transmission plant, substation, or any reservoir made for generating electricity or any other structure related to electricity, on the request of the licensee or by itself, if it deems it necessary to provide such security.
(2) If the security arrangement is made pursuant to Sub-section (1) on the request of the licensee, all the expenses incurred for such security shall be borne by the licensee.

If Government of Nepal or the licensee requires to enter into anyone’s premises in connection with survey, generation, transmission or distribution of electricity, the employee of Government of Nepal or the licensee may enter into such premises only after giving a prior notice to the concerned person. In case any loss or damage is caused due to such entry, Government of Nepal or the licensee shall pay compensation as prescribed for such loss or damage.
Provided that such employee may, without giving prior notice, enter into the concerned premises to rescue from any accident or to carry out investigation into the matter if there is a reasonable ground to suspect that the electricity is
being unauthoritatively used or pilfered in such premises.

33. Utilization or Acquisition of Other’s Land and House:

(1) If it is required that the land and house of any person be used or acquired for the purpose of generation, transmission, or distribution of electricity, the licensee may submit an application to His Majesty’s Government.

(2) On receipt of an application pursuant to Sub-section (1), Government of Nepal may, after conducting necessary inquiries into the matter, make available such land and house in the same manner as it makes available to any
corporate body under the prevailing laws. If the land is owned by the government, such premises shall be made available on lease for the period up to the term of license.

(3) If a construction work relating to the generation, transmission, or distribution of electricity has been preformed by Government of Nepal or a licensee, Government of Nepal may prohibit to use the premises of a house or land
located in the area where such construction work is performed or the premises of a house or land located in the prescribed distance from such place of construction by any other person for any specified purpose. Government of Nepal or the licensee shall pay compensation, as prescribed, to the concerned person for such damage or loss caused due to such prohibition.

34. Government of Nepal may Generate and Develop Electricity: Nothing mentioned in this Act shall be deemed to have prevented Government of Nepal to generate or to develop electricity on its own.

35. Government of Nepal may enter into contract for Generation, Transmission or Distribution of Electricity: Notwithstanding anything written elsewhere in this Act, Government of Nepal, by entering into a contract with any person or corporate body, may do or cause to do the generation, transmission or distribution of electricity subject to the terms and  conditions as mentioned in such contract.

36. Hydro-electricity Development Unit: In order to develop or cause to develop hydroelectricity and to encourage private sector entrepreneurs for the development of hydroelectricity and to follow up the works relating to hydroelectricity development, a Hydroelectricity Development Unit shall be constituted in the  Ministry of Water Resources.

(1) In order to carry out inspection and supervision of generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, Government of Nepal may appoint Chief Electricity Inspector and Electricity Inspector as may be necessary.
(2) The qualification required for the Chief Electricity Inspector and  Electricity Inspector shall be as prescribed.
(3) Other functions, rights and duties of the Chief Electricity Inspector and Electricity Inspector shall be as prescribed.

(1) The prescribed officer may impose a fine up to five thousand rupees to any person who acts in contravention of this Act or Rules made under this Act. If the damage is caused to anybody due to such act, compensation for such damage shall also be realized from such person by the prescribed officer.
(2) If any person generates, transmits or distributes electricity, without obtaining the license, which is required to be obtained under this  Act, or without observing the terms and conditions set forth in the license, the prescribed officer may impose a fine up to five thousand rupees and cause to close such activity.
(3) ……∝
.
(4) If any person cause adverse effect, demolishes, destroys or causes harm otherwise with mala fide intention to any electricity generation plant or transmission center or transmission line, distribution line or any other  structure related to the same or induces to do the said acts or attempt to do so, such person   may be punished with a fine at par with the value of the damages or with  imprisonment up to ten years or both realizing the value of  damages from such  person.

39. Appeal: Any person who is not satisfied with the decision of the cancellation of license by the prescribed authority pursuant to Sub-section (2) of section 8 or the decision on the amount of compensation given pursuant to section 29, 32 or 33 or an order of the punishment issued by the prescribed authority pursuant to Subsection (1) or (2) of section 38, an appeal against such decision or order may lie in the Appellate Court within a period of thirty five days.

40. Power to Frame Rules:

(1) Government of Nepal may frame necessary Rules in order to carry out the objectives of this Act.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the powers conferred by Subsection
(1), Government of Nepal may frame Rules, in particular, on the following subjects:
(a) Matters relating to the format of application for license and the particulars to be mentioned in the application, format of license, terms and conditions, charges or fee and other necessary matter,

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Delated by Electricity thief control Act,2058
Amended by Eletricity thief control Act,2058

(b) Matters relating to quality, volt level of electricity and quality standard of service of electricity to be distributed and other necessary technical matters,
(c) Matters relating to the construction work relating to electricity structures and its quality standard,
(d) Matters relating to quality standard of materials and equipment which are used for generation, transmission or distribution of electricity and methods for using them,
(e) Qualification and function, rights and duties of Inspector,
(f) Matters relating to electricity tariff, service charge or other charges,
(g) Matters relating to security measures to be followed while generating, transmitting and distributing electricity,
(h) Matters, which are to be observed by customers or consumers,
(i) Accident and inquiries thereof,
(j) Other necessary matters.

(Source: Nepal Law Commission)

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